District Profile
History of Ayodhya
The city of Faizabad originally known as Fyzabad, is situated in Eastern India, in Uttar Pradesh State, on the bank of River Saryu, about 130 k.m. east of Lucknow. The city was founded by Ali Vardi Khan, nawab of Bengal (1676-1756) in 1730. The foundation of Faizabad was laid by Saadat Khan, the second Nawab of Awadh. His successor Shuja-ud-daula made it the capital of Awadh. Faizabad as a township, developed about 220 years ago. Safdar Jang, the second nawab of Avadh (1739-54), made it as his military headquarters. His successor Suja-ud-daula built a fort here. It was known as Chhota Calcutta, now the fort has ruined. He built the Chowk in 1765 and subsequently built the Anguribagh and Motibagh to the south of Faizabad and Asafbagh and Bulandbagh to the west of the city. During the reign of Shuja-ud-daula, Faizabad attained such a prosperity which it never saw again. The Nawabs graced Faziabad with several beautiful buildings, notable among them are the Gulab Bari, Moti Mahal and the tomb of Bahu Begum. Gulab Bari is a beautiful building of fine architecture, standing in a garden surrounded by a wall, approachable through two large gateways. These buildings are particularly interesting for their assimilative architectural styles.
Shuja-ud-daula's wife was the well known Bahu Begum, who married the Nawab in 1743 and continued to reside in Faizabad, her residence being the Moti-Mahal. Close by at Jawaharbagh lies her Maqbara, where she was buried after her death in 1816. It is considered to be one of the finest buildings of its kind in Avadh, which was built at the cost of three lakh rupees by her chief advisor Darab Ali Khan. A fine view of the city is obtainable from top of the begum's tomb. Bahu Begum was a woman of great distinction and rank, bearing dignity. Most of the Muslim buildings of Faizabad are attributed to her. From the date of Bahu Begum's death in 1815 till the annexation of Avadh, the city of Faizabad gradually fell into decay. The glory of Faizabad finally eclipsed with the shifting of capital from Faizabad to Lucknow by Nawab Asaf-ud-daula.Faizabad is a place of sugar refineries and mills for extracting oil from seeds. It is a market center for the produce of the surrounding area, including grain, oilseeds, cotton, and tobacco. A hydroelectric plant is located nearby. The ruins of the ancient town of Ajodhya, with the modern town standing nearby, are located across the river and form a part of Faizabad. Ayodhya, which is among the principal religious centers of India, is an important place of Hindu pilgrimage. Faizabad is a small developing city, here you can have fun of both the worlds of the town as well as the village if you go outside the city you will find lots of fields with plenty of crops.
Faizabad (now Ayodhya) was the headquarters of Faizabad district and Faizabad division until 6 November 2018, when the Uttar Pradesh cabinet headed by chief minister Hon’ble Yogi Adityanath approved the renaming of Faizabad district as Ayodhya, and the shifting of the administrative headquarters of the district to Ayodhya city.
Description of Agro-climatic zones and farming situations of the district
Farming situation analysis of the district. Ayodhya district falls under Eastern Plain Agro Climatic Zone(UP-9). Some of the special features of the district are :
Area : 2764 km2.
Tehsil : 5 (Sadar,Rudauli,Bikapur,Sohawal and Milkipur)
Blocks : 11 (Sohawal,Masodha,Purabazar,Mayabazar,Amaniganj,Milkipur,Haringtonganj,Bikapur,Tarun,Mawai and Rudauli)
Climate : Climate of the district is damp and humid. Annual average rainfall is 1067mm. The average temperature during summers is 32.C whereas in winters, the average temperature is around 16.C. The district is situated at a height of 90m from mean sea level.
Soil
The physiographic of the district is mostly plain. The district is devoid of any important mineral resource. The district has got domination of three types of soil viz., Loam, sandy Loam & Clay. The northern blocks are dominated by clay soil while the southern blocks have domination of sandy soil. Soil reaction varies around neutral from mildly acid to mildy alkaline and crops give good response to NPK fertilizers. Soil of the district is suitable for raising horticultural crops.
District Profile Data
Area : 2764 sq.km.
Lok Sabha Constituencies : Ayodhya
Vidhan Sabha Constituencies : Ayodhya, Bikapur, Goshaiganj, Milkupur, and Rudauli
Total Population : 24,70,996
Population Density : 890/km2
Male : 12,59,628
Female : 12,11,368
Ratio of Male to Female : 1000: 961
Literacy % : 58.7 %
Net Cultivated Area : 171000 ha.
Net Irrigated Area : 123970 ha (approx.)
Total Forest Area (Sq.Km.) : 3038 Ham
Annual Rainfall : 1067 (mm)
Gram Panchyat : 835
No. of Village: 1272
Description of Agro-climatic Zone & major agro ecological situations (based on soil and topography)
| Particulars | Farming System | |
|---|---|---|
| AES-1 | Productive plain land under canal and tubewell Irrigation | |
| a | Main branch + tube-well | Specified farming i.e. rice, wheat/potato, Sugarcane, vegetables supported by Cow and buffaloes |
| b | Minor canal + tube-well | Sugarcane, Rice, Urd, Vegetables, Wheat, Gram + Mustard, Horticultural crops |
| AES-2 | Productive plain land under tube-well irrigation | Diversified farming i.e. Rice, Arhar, Sugarcane, Urd / Mung, Fodder crop, gram, Pea, toria with few cows and buffaloes |
| AES-3 | Sodic land under canal + tube-well irrigation | Rice, wheat/mustard, vegetable and other horticultural crops, and some other Crops are growing in pockets with few local Cows/buffaloes and goats |
| AES-4 | Waterlogged under canal and tube-well irrigation | Rice, late wheat, lentil, vegetables in certain Pockets, fodder crops and other horticultural trees with few cows and buffaloes |
| AES-5 | Eroded cultivable land | Rice, arhar + jowar + til, mung, maize, chari as fodder, wheat/barley, peas, lentil, vegetables and horticultural trees with few cows, buffaloes, goats and sheep |
| AES-6 | Rainfed, eroded cultivable land and ravines | Arhar + jowar, urd, maize, chari as fodder crops, millets, barley, pea, lentil mixed with Mustard kharif vegetables, fruits and other |
Soil type
| S.N. | Major Soils (common names like red sandy loam deep soils (etc.,)* | Percent (%) of total | Area (‘000 ha) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Silty Loam soils | 65 | 293.2 |
| 2 | Silty Loam(Bhat) soils | 30 | 135.3 |
| 3 | Alluvial soils | 5 | 22.5 |
Area, Production and Productivity of major crops cultivated in the district
| S.N. | Crop | Area (ha) | Production (Mt) | Productivity (Qtl /ha) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Paddy | 103896 | 272519 | 26.23 |
| 2 | Jowar | 1766 | 853 | 4.83 |
| 3 | Maize (Kharif) | 1452 | 966 | 6.65 |
| 4 | Bajra | 2 | 2 | 10 |
| 5 | Wheat | 108130 | 356244 | 32.95 |
| 6 | Barley | 156 | 418 | 26.79 |
| 7 | Chick pea | 1623 | 1490 | 9.18 |
| 8 | Field pea | 2431 | 2113 | 8.69 |
| 9 | Pigeon pea | 4661 | 2983 | 6.40 |
| 10 | Lentil | 2342 | 1739 | 7.43 |
| 11 | Mustard/rai | 3843 | 3024 | 7.87 |
| 12 | Linseed | 16 | 9 | 5.63 |
| 13 | Urd | 1563 | 847 | 5.42 |
| 14 | Moong | |||
| 15 | Potato | 2866 | 561280 | 195.84 |
| 16 | Til | 18 | 4 | 2.22 |
Production and productivity of livestock, Poultry, Fisheries etc. in the district
| Category | Population |
|---|---|
| Crossbred | 327300 |
| Indigenous | 340103 |
| Buffalo | 225998 |
| Crossbred | 405 |
| Indigenous | 13526 |
| Goats | 147954 |
| Pigs | 10700 |
| Crossbred | 4569 |
| Indigenous | 35669 |
| Rabbits | |
| Hens | 162345 |
| Desi | 2036 |
| Category | Area | Production | Productivity |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fish | 95.70 | 492.85 | 5.15 |
Priority/thrust areas
| Crop/Enterprise | Thrust area |
|---|---|
| Cereal crops | Replacement of indigenous varieties of cereal crop seeds through improved varieties. |
| Grain crops | Use of INM, IPM, IDM, IWM in Kharif, Rabi & Zaid crops. |
| Diversification | Introduction of diversified farming. |
| Forage crop | Management of green fodder round the year for milch animals. |
| LSP | Collection of Indian breeds of cow i.e. Gir, Sahiwal and Tharparkar |
| LSP | Nutritional feeding management in dairy cattle. |
| Wasteland management | Development of waste and watershed lands through various farming systems. |
| Women empowerment | Improvements in socio-economic status of the farm-women through small cottage/house hold industries. |
| Rural youth/school drop-outs | Introduction of vocational courses for the rural youth/school dropouts to generate their employment |